Research Project 1: Exploring factors that enhance and restrict women’s empowerment through electrification.

@misc{ofOslo2019b,
title = {Women’s empowerment and electricity access: How do grid and off-grid systems enhance or restrict gender equality?},
author = {University of Oslo, The Energy Research Institute (TERI), Dunamai Energy, Zomba, Malawi, Seacrester Consulting, Nairobi},
url = {https://www.energia.org/cm2/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/RA1-Womens-empowerment-and-electricity-access.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-04-01},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{Brahmachari2019,
title = {What drives the switch to modern energy? Linkages and gender implications},
author = {Deborshi Brahmachari, Chandrashekhar Singh, Chris Beaton, Mini Govindan, Shruti Sharma},
url = {https://www.energia.org/cm2/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Cooperation-Brief-final-07032019.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-03-15},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{Saini2019,
title = {Access to Reliable and Affordable Electricity for all Kenyans – and How Gender Matters},
author = {Anjali Saini, Henry Gichungi, Kirsten Ulsrud, Tanja Winther},
url = {https://www.energia.org/cm2/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Policy-Brief-EFEWEE-22.3.19_Final.pdf},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-03-15},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{(TERI)2018,
title = {Survey Report: RA1- EFEWEE Quantitative Survey},
author = {The Energy Resources Institute (TERI), University of Oslo, Seacrester Consulting (Kenya), Dunamai Energy (Malawi)},
url = {https://www.energia.org/cm2/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/RA1-Survey-Report-14.12.2018.pdf},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-12-15},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@misc{Matinga2018b,
title = {Rice Cookers, Social Media, and Unruly Women: Disentangling Electricity's Gendered Implications in Rural Nepal},
author = {Margaret N. Matinga,, Bigsna Gill, and Tanja Winther},
url = {https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2018.00140/full},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-09-12},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}

@article{T.Winther2018,
title = {Solar powered electricity access: Implications for women’s empowerment in rural Kenya},
author = {T.Winther, K. Ulsrud and A. Saini},
url = {https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214629618303694},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-05-14},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@article{Winther2017,
title = {Women’s empowerment through electricity access: scoping study and proposal for a framework of analysis},
author = {Tanja Winther, Margaret N. Matinga, Kirsten Ulsrud, Karina Standal},
url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/19439342.2017.1343368},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-07-26},
abstract = {This article reviews the empirical literature on women’s empowerment through electricity access and the methodologies that have been used. Statistical studies have looked at areas with access to the grid and measured the impact on welfare indicators and employment. Qualitatively oriented studies have looked at various types of supply and studied how electricity access in a given context has influenced women and men in everyday life, sometimes focusing on the role of the design of the systems of supply and the process of electrification. The overall results show that electricity access benefits the welfare of women as well as men, but that the impact on gender relations remains largely unclear. With the ambition to better understand the gendered nature – and impacts – of various types of electricity access, we develop a framework for analysing women’s empowerment through electricity and subsequently illustrate its applications by drawing on the reviewed empirical literature.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}

@misc{Winther2016b,
title = {Women’s empowerment in energy projects: What is the meaning?},
author = {Tanja Winther},
url = {https://www.energia.org/cm2/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Twente_Winther_24Nov2016.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-11-23},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {presentation}
}

@misc{Winther2016,
title = {Exploring Factors that Enhance and restrict Women’s Empowerment through Electrification (EFEWEE) - Scoping study report },
author = {Tanja Winther, Debajit Palit, Mini Govindan, Magi Matinga, Karina Standal, Kirsten Ulsrud, Anjali Saini, Henry Gichungi},
url = {https://www.energia.org/cm2/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/RA1-Scoping-Report.pdf},
year = {2016},
date = {2016-03-30},
abstract = {The overall objective of this independent research project is to examine how policy and practice may enhance women’s empowerment though electrification in rural areas in the South. We consider women’s empowerment as a process towards gender equality, hence a concept that requires analytic attention to women, men, girls and boys. We divide the work into four sub-tasks which focus on i) the impact of electricity access on women and girls, ii) the impact of women’s involvement in supply, iii) the relationship between women’s empowerment and different types of access (grid vs decentralised systems) and iv) how empowerment in the realm of electrification may be conceptualised and measured. The results gained from each of these sub-tasks will be used to provide policy recommendations. Empirical material will be collected in rural Kenya, India and Nepal where a large share of the population lacks access to electricity.

The scoping study comprises a desk study of policies and the general literature on gender and electricity, and outlines the methodology to be used in the subsequent empirical research. The desk study is divided into two parts; the first consists of a policy review of how gender elements are integrated into electricity policies and practices, focusing primarily on the selected countries for empirical research, Kenya, India and Nepal, and also on the role of international actors and discourses. The second part reviews the general literature on the impact of electrification on women’s empowerment and develops a framework for measuring empowerment in this realm. We also account for electricity’s effect on girls and boys in terms of study time and school enrolment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}